Symmetrical family Essay Example

Symmetrical family Paper The family is the basic structural unit of society. The detailed structure of the family varies enormously due to circumstances such as social class, ethnic background and cultural influences. The family system in Britain is sometimes loosely referred to as patrilineal. This is down to surnames and titles are inherited from our fathers not our mothers, but there is no moral code in Britian that says a mothers family is not important, it is usually down to personal preference. Britain can be best described as multi-lineal system. All though Britain is not strictly patrilineal some people believe we still live in a patriarchy society, where men have more power than women. And some feminists believe there is still the patriarchal family. Where the family is dominated by the male and women are classed as inferior and have no equality. This paper is going to look at the way relationships between men and women have changed within the family in Britian. Firstly it will look at the way structures of men and womens roles within the family have changed with time and the social and demographic occurances for these changes. We will write a custom essay sample on Symmetrical family specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Symmetrical family specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Symmetrical family specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It will look at the research on family life in London by Willmott and Young and their theory that there was a rise in the symmetrical family. The paper will then move onto the feminists views of the Symmetrical family and review Oakleys own research onto shared conjugal roles within the family which provided evidence against Willmott and Youngs theory. Moving then to look at other research carried out by Pahl, Edgell, Yeandle which like Oakleys research was to measure the symmetry in roles within the family. The structure of familys and relationships between husband and wife have changed considrebly over the years. Sociologists divided these changes into phases. About 150 years ago before britian became based on industry, most people worked in argriculture. Husband and wife were generally equal. This phase 1 pre-industrial family was characterized by shared purpose of economic production where home and work was one. Although husband and wife relied upon one another, sociologists have stated they didnt have close relationships. 2nd phase industrial family saw women lose their independence. Equality laws which were put in place restricted the hours women could work. Roles between Husband and wife became segregrated. Men were the sole breadwinners and were the ones whom would take charge within the family. The role of mother and housewife became the norm for women. There was however a difference between the working and middle class. The middle-class women were not expected to do any work only to supervise the cleaning lady or nanny, while the husband would go out to work to provide for the family. In the working class child-rearing and household chores were solely the responsibility of the women. The men would work all day then socialize outside the home. The women was increasingly home centred and often close to other females members of their family. Phase 3 the contemporary family happened between 1930s and 1950s. There was a significant change between the relationship between middle-class husband and wife. They had a more closer relationship, made joint decisions and enjoyed leisure activities together . This marked a move towards equality. The wife was still responsible for housework and child-rearing but the husband would help. (Moore, 159) Now that we have briefly looked at the changes in the history of families the paper will now look at Wilmott and Young studies. They researched family life in London and found that family life in britian was becoming increasingly symmettrical. Abbott, pg140) The family is home centered and there conjugal roles are similar. The ideal-type symmetrical family is balanced. Both husband and wife work, each contributing to the family income. Domestic roles along with caring for children are shared. (Wilson, pg 64) The rise in Symmetrical family is down to social and demographic changes. Contraception meant women could choose to limit having children. There was better living conditions aswell which meant home was more attractive with men choosing to stay at home watching television. (Moore, pg 185). There were a number of legal changes also which some say brought women near equality to men particurly in the employment sector. There was the Equal Pay Act in 1970, Sex Discrimination Act in 1975 and Employment Protection Act also in 1975. Women gained financial independence from their husbands by working. (Wilson, pg58) Other legal changes that which could of affected men and womens relationships was the 1969 Divorce Reform Act which introduced new grounds for divorce aswell as changing the way people looked upon women who divorced. Marriage was now seen as mutual commitment rather than legal enforceable contract (Allan, Crow, pg 24) Feminists argue that the family is not Symmetrical. They state that household roles are not joint and it is still regarded as the womens duty to look after the children, cook, do house hold chores and go out to work. With men only helping occassionnaly and then being seen as good husbands. (Moore, pg 185) Feminist Ann Oakley critisised Willmott and Youngs theory that husbands help around the home is not accurate, as could just mean washing up once a week. She conducted her own research on 40 housewives aged 20 30. She found that middle-class husbands did help with some domestic chores the majority was left to their wives. Only a quarter of them helped to a high level with childcare. In Oakleys view even though there has been an increase in women working being a housewife is still seen as there primary role. Yeandle (1984) argues women now face a double burden of responsibility by contributing to the family budget, childrearing and domestic chores. Women seem to have less time to concentrate on their careers as they are never off duty. The domestic division of labour does have its critics. Oakleys investigation may have overlooked tasks which men generally seem to do such as DIY, fixing the car and decorating. This approach also ignores that a women may get satisfaction from keeping a home, being a mother and going to work. Also Oakley only interviewed wifes therefore making her claims bias as the husband got no say as to what jobs he did. Another approach to measuring the symmetry of the family is to examine the division of decision making. Pahl (1993) interviewed 102 couples with children. She focused her study on each partners financial contribution to the family income and whether it effects who makes the decisions within a family. His results showed that the most common result was that the money was shared but the husband had the most control over it and the wife had a lower income. The least common result was where the women had most control. Overall in some couples there was equality but most cases it was the men who had more patriarchal power. Stephen Edgell (1980) conducted research on middle-class and professional couples. He found that women had the bulk of decision making responsibilities such as buying food, clothing and decorating whereas the men dominated important decisions such as moving home, holidays or major purchases such as a new car. His theory for this was that men usually earn more than their wifes, meaning they are financially dependant on their husbands which means they have a smaller right in decision making. From all this evidence it shows that all though womens employment opportunities have increased it has little affect on conjugal roles. It backs up the theories of Marxist and Feminists who see womens domestic labour as exploitation. Radical feminists see their biological role of childbearing as the reason for oppression by men whereas Marxists see economic power as their oppression. After looking at the above it does show that there has been a move forward to equality between men and women. It would seem there is still quite a way to go before there is real symmetry between family roles as shown by Edgell, Pahl. Yeandle and Oakley. From the studies though it does show that men are becoming more involved at home within the family and the relationship between husband and wife has greatly improved in terms of decision making, its the roles of domestic housework which seems largely segregated. All though there is still some patriarchal power it is nothing like it once was.

85 Synonyms for Help

85 Synonyms for Help 85 Synonyms for â€Å"Help† 85 Synonyms for â€Å"Help† By Mark Nichol There are so many ways to help at least eighty-five, I discovered. Here are that number of synonyms and idiomatic phrases for the verb help: 1. Abet: to actively help with an endeavor 2. Accommodate: to offer something, especially to help meet a need or want 3. Advance: to speed up the development of an initiative or cause 4. Advise: to recommend or warn 5. Aid: to provide something necessary to help 6. Alleviate: see relieve, and to help correct or remove a problem 7. Ameliorate: to make better or more manageable 8. Amend: to help by improving 9. Assist: to supplement an effort 10. Attend: to stand ready to help 11. Back: to help with actions or words, or to help financially 12. Backstop: see bolster 13. Bail out: to help someone suffering hardship; also, to abandon an enterprise 14. Ballyhoo: see hype 15. Bear a hand: see â€Å"lend a hand† 16. Be of use: see benefit 17. Befriend: to become a friend of 18. Benefit: to be helpful 19. Bolster: to help in order to strengthen 20. Boost: to physically help one up from below, or to help publicly; also, slang for â€Å"steal† 21. Buck up: see bolster 22. Buttress: to strengthen figuratively or literally 23. Care for: to help someone recover 24. Champion: to advocate or protect 25. Cheer: to make someone feel better through deeds or words; also, to applaud vocally 26. Comfort: to provide hope or strength, or to console 27. Contribute: to give financial or material help or to provide services 28. Cooperate: to proactively offer help, or to compromise 29. Counsel: see advise 30. Deliver: to convey something to another 31. Ease: to make easier 32. Embolden: to give courage to 33. Encourage: to inspire, or to help by offering a positive comment or making a helpful gesture 34. Endorse: to approve or recommend 35. Facilitate: to help enable something to occur 36. Favor: to give partisan help to someone 37. Forward: see encourage 38. Foster: see encourage and nurture 39. Further: see encourage 40. Go to bat for: see back 41. Guide: see advise, or to show or demonstrate 42. Hearten: see encourage 43. Hype: to provide extravagant publicity 44. Intercede: to become involved on another’s behalf 45. Launch: to help someone start an enterprise 46. Lend a hand: to provide material help 47. Meliorate: see ameliorate 48. Mentor: see advise 49. Minister to: to give help to, especially in terms of emotional or physical needs 50. Mitigate: see relieve and mollify 51. Mollify: to assuage, soften, or soothe 52. Nurture: to help develop 53. Oblige: to indulge a request for help 54. Open doors: to provide help through influence or recommendation 55. Palliate: to reduce discomfort or pain, or to excuse 56. Patronize: to provide help through influence or financial support 57. Plug: see promote 58. Promote: provide help by advertising or by enabling publicity 59. Prop up: see bolster 60. Push: to help in reaching an objective 61. Reinforce: see encourage, or to strengthen 62. Relieve: to remove a burden or obligation, or to take one’s place in performing a task 63. Remedy: see relieve 64. Rescue: to help someone or something harmed, in poor conditions, or in financial straits 65. Restore: to improve by returning to a previous, better condition, or to help rejuvenate 66. Revive: to bring back to life or former improved circumstances 67. Root for: to publicly make positive comments, or to applaud vocally 68. Sanction: to approve, especially in an official capacity; can also mean to ratify, or to censure) 69. Save: see rescue 70. Second: see assist and reinforce 71. See (something) through: to help accomplish or complete a task 72. Serve: to satisfy or supply needs or wants 73. Sponsor: see patronize 74. Stand by: see back 75. Stick up for: see back 76. Stimulate: see restore 77. Stump for: see promote 78. Succor: see relieve 79. Support: see assist and promote 80. Sustain: see assist and relieve 81. Take under (one’s) wing: see patronize 82. Treat: to care for 83. Stand one in good stead: see bolster 84. Uphold: see assist 85. Work for: to help accomplish a goal Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Beautiful and Ugly WordsWhat to Do When Words Appear Twice in a RowCareful with Words Used as Noun and Verb

Conclution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Conclution - Essay Example A fewcalculations were requiredfor making this piece in SolidWorks. The second stage used SURFCAM to define the stock size, shaping tools, feeds and speeds.The SURFCAMsoftware also definedeach tool path. The third stage involved generating the G-code for machine the piece. During the fourth stage, the G-code was transferred to the HAAS machine using the GibbsCAM software in the machine shop. The final stage included loading the tools, selecting the zero points for each tool with the stock and running the machine to build the block. To start, a new file was open with a sketch on the front plane. Drawing from the origin, a center rectangle was drawn with dimensions of six in. on the x-axis and four in. on the y-axis. Fully defined, a fillet was then made with the radius of 0.250 in. on all corners. Following that, the rectangle was extrudedwith a one in. depth. After the extrusion, the upper portion of holes to be drilled was worked on next. The first hole, which was drawn for a linear pattern, was placed at the top left corner with a 0.250 in. diameter and an extruded cut depth of 0.250 in.The distance on the x-axis from the left edge to the center of the circle right, had a dimension of 0.500 in. indention. From the topof the rectangle to the center of the circle down, a dimension of 0.500 in. was also added. From here, a linear pattern was used to generate six holes by patterning with the x-axis with a distance of 0.43 in. from the center of one circle to the next. The step that proceeded with the drilling of the upper portion of the holes came to an extruded cut of a filleted rectangle with dimensions of 1.25 in. on the y-axis and 2.250 in. on the x-axis with an extruded cut of 0.250 in.This rectangle was to be positioned at the bottom left corner of the part with a dimension from the bottom edge of the part up to the bottom of the rectangle of 0.38 in.This same dimension was to be added to the left edge of the part towards the right

The Future of Natural Medicine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

The Future of Natural Medicine - Essay Example This led to its near extinction in United States and U.K., while in Germany, China and India it got sidelined. Today there is a renaissance going on in medical herbalism throughout the world. W.H.O. estimated that more than 80% of the world population depends primarily on herbal medicine for their healthcare needs. In U.K. a recent survey revealed 1/3 of the people do use herbs regularly. [Herb Harvest] In U.S.A. there is a 380% increase in herbal medicine between 1991 and 1997. [Eisenberg et al 1998] The resurgence of the interest in herbal remedies is largely consumer driven. [70% took herbal medicine by their own information- Eliason et al 1977] This comes by the increasing interest shown by the public and confidence in self medication [Blenkenstop and Bradley 1999] Increased media coverage of the beneficial effects of herbal medicine also played a role in this. Sales of Herbal Medicine increased in U.K.from 27.8 million pounds in 1991 to 38 million pounds in 1996.This is an under estimation since Mintel excluded Garlic and Ginkop from medical category. Actual figures will show this to be 7 times more. European Union registered 7000 million dollars retail sales of herbal medicine in 1996. In Germany sales of herbal medicine in 1997 was 1.8 billion dollars (I.M.S. 1998) which comes to 1/3 of the O.T.C. [over the counter] sales. In U.S.A. 1994 sale was 1.6 billion dollars while 1998 sales rose to 4 billion dollars.[Brevoort 1998] In France it was 1.1 billion dollars in 1997, 28% of the O.T.C. market [I.M.S. –Institute of Medical Statistics-1998] Reasons for this increased use- An Herb is (also called botanical) a plant or plant part used for its scent, flavor, and / or therapeutic properties. They can be used singly or in combination. NCCAM [National Centre for Complementary and Alternative Medicine] brought forth a Fact Sheet for creating

Fashion - customer service can help in build the loyalty of a brand Essay

Fashion - customer service can help in build the loyalty of a brand - Essay Example The paper "fashion - customer service can help in build the loyalty of a brand" talks about how the customer service can help in build the loyalty of a brand. The luxury fashion retailing sector of Hong Kong is exceptionally well developed hence one of the fashion capitals of Asia. The fast growing expenditure from Chinese tourists has turned Hong Kong into a regional distribution hub for popular designer brands around the world, providing a great variety of high-end fashion brands and luxurious products in the market. With the Chinese tourists continuing to pour in, the product demand is high. Many high-end retailers try to provide extra services to retain their customers. Top brands try to find ways to capitalize on the buying interest of their customers and provide quality customer service due to the limited space. Besides globalization, many prestigious retailers are turning their focus to generating a greater profit from their existing customer base by developing brand loyalty. Such ideas are also backed by a number of researchers. Homburg, Koschate & Hoyer (2005) stated that brands were benefited from brand-loyal customers due to repeated patronage and their tendency to pay premium prices for additional services. The findings of Graner and Sterling (2003) further strengthened the incentive for retailers to develop brand loyalty as they found that retaining 5% more customers would boost profits by 25% to 125%. Quality customer services provided by the business are essential.

Financial Management of Construction Accounting

Financial Management of Construction Accounting Questions: You are advising a client who is highly respected in the industry as visionary and entrepreneurial.   She is planning her next project, a mixed-use development (e.g. some residential units and two or three larger commercial buildings).   This is to be just outside a large city near you, where infrastructure/transport links are established and ready for the growth. She intends the commercial element to be attractive to large international businesses, perhaps as global or regional headquarters.   The local authorities are supportive of the development on the basis that your client has agreed to work with them to also develop a new hospital as part of the project. Write a letter of advice to the client outlining some options for funding the project, explaining why she should (or shouldnt) consider them as preferable.  Ã‚   If appropriate, you may suggest a combination of approaches. To: Subject: Project: I appreciate the opportunity to advise you regarding the available option for funding your project. I look forward to assisting you with this project and achieving your project objectives. I would like to draw your attention to the key financing options for the proposed project. It is important to remember that financing techniques/funding option constantly changed based on, for example, trends to equity participation by financiers as inflation of values occur, and also renewed interest in mortgages as property values fall. Therefore it is important to remember that a number of key decisions have to be made by those involved in arranging funding for this project. The Interest rates are likely to be lower on corporate borrowing than on project-based funding, this is mainly due to the broader basis of the security available in this option. Borrowing can also be in the form of an overdraft, loan or mortgage on the other hand, or by the issue of securities, such as a debenture or loan stock. These stocks or bonds can be tradable on the stock market. They normally tend to have a fixed rate of interest and fixed term of maturity which can at times be beneficial if the rates are to rise in the future. Banks may offer funding that are fixed or floating rates of interest for a specified period of time. The following facts are based on your written correspondence to me dated 12th June 2016. It is worth considering the answers to the questions below. What is to be the ratio of debt to equity in funding the project? Is the finance to be project based or is it to be corporate finance? What are the arrangements for refinancing the project? Will the debt be funded by traded securities or will it be a loan? What is the term of the loan or stock? What will be the security for loan stock or loan? Will a loan be fixed or floating rate? What will be the term of the loan? Other than that you have opportunity to deploy a consortium with a financial intuition.   These are named as joint ventures andsuch joint ventures arises when two or more parties act jointly to develop this mixed used development project. In these arrangements the participating institution will normally become the ultimate owner of the property. It is also worth noting here that joint ventures normally take the form of partnerships or joint venture (JV) companies. Highlighted below are some of the advantages of such JVs; Secure adequate finance, particularly equity; Can be   acquired expertise; Can be reduced risk of development; To enjoy off balance sheet financing, thereby reducing record debt; Meet the demands of foreign investors; I hope my advice has been beneficial to you in making a decision for funding your next project. I look forward to working with you on this project. Please do not hesitate to contact me anytime if you have any questions or require further advice. I look forward to hearing from you. Kind Regards, References Steven J. Peterson (2012). Construction accounting and financial management. 2nd ed. -: Pearson Education Inc. Danny Myers (2008). Construction Economics a new approach. 2nd ed. -: Taylor and Francis.

Causes of Natural Hazards Essay -- hurricanes and earthquakes

Hazards are possible sources of danger. Types of hazards are those such as hurricanes, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. A cause is what makes something happen and is a reason for it happening. The two types of hazards I will be outlining the causes for are hurricanes and earthquakes. A hurricane and tropical storms are cyclones. When the winds reach a constant speed of 74 miles per hour or more, it is called a hurricane. A hurricane is caused when a large mass of air is warmed up and the warm humid air begins to rise. As the air rises, it cools and condenses to cloud and rain. They are tropical storms. The hurricanes winds blow in a large spiral around a calm centre called the ‘eye’. The eye is usually 20-30 miles wide and the storm itself may have a diameter of 400 miles. As a hurricane approaches, the skies begin to darken and the winds grow stronger. The hurricane can bring torrential rains, high winds, and storm surge as it comes close to land. A single hurricane can last more than two weeks. An earthquake is a shaking movement of the earth’s surface. It results from faults. The earth’s surface is in continuous slow motion. This is plate tectonics – the movement of rigid plates at the surface of the earth in response to flow of rock within the earth. These plates cover the whole surface of the earth. Since they are all constantly moving, they rub against each other at the boundaries (for example, the San Andreas Fault in California). They sink beneath each other, or spread apart from each other (like the Mid-Atlantic Ridge). At such places the motion becomes less smooth - the plates are stuck together at the edges ... ... into the areas were blocked or bridges were destroyed. If the bridges had been built to survive a hurricane, aid would be able to get to the areas sooner and save lives as they would be able to reach people in time. MEDC’s and LEDC’s are both affected by hurricanes, although MEDC’s are able to respond to them quicker and more effectively then LEDC’s. Both of them need funding so that they can research and monitor hurricanes so that they can respond to them, but the difference between them is that MEDC’s are able to provide themselves with funding as apposed to LEDC’s who are unable to provide themselves with the funding required. The research helps people to learn more about hurricanes and the more people know about hurricanes, makes it easier for them to respond to them in the right way so that they can save lives.