Ethical Considerations in Artificial Intelligence-Free-Samples

Question: Discuss about the Ethical Considerations in Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems. Answer: Article 1: Ethically Aligned Design: A Vision For Prioritizing Wellbeing With Artificial Intelligence And Autonomous Systems. This particular paper summarizes the ethical issues into field of artificial intelligence along with autonomous systems. AIS are subject to norms as well as values which may conflict by means of each other. It is built into data/algorithmic biases which are disadvantage members of the groups. There is no such trust among the humans as well as AIS. An ethical dilemma based on the personal information is data asymmetry. Autonomous system is designed to the physical harm as compared to the traditional weapons. IEEE Standards Association (2016) stated that technologies as well as systems are aimed to reduce human intervention into daily activities which evolved at rapid pace. The aim of this paper is to identify the key drivers shape the human technology global ecosystem as well as address of the monetary ramifications. Both artificial intelligence as well as autonomous technologies is available worldwide. In the current era, general principles are being concerned with different types of artificial intelligence along with domain of applications whether they are physical robots and software artificial intelligence. In this paper, it is recommended regards the artificial intelligence technologies. It is to be proposed on realistic direction associated to central concerns into association of the humans in addition to emerging information driven technologies. It is ensured that the human values such as human rights are required to be secured. Ethics are therefore the underpin standards which mandates that the system is certified as obedient with the standards. Ethics into the organization are linked with the standards that are in turn linked with the regulations (IEEE Standards Association 2016). It is mostly recommended to secure the personal data so that they are not accessed by any other person those have unauthorized access to the data. Professional ethics code is required to be strictly followed into the organization. Article 2: Society-in-the-Loop: Programming the Algorithmic Social Contract. In this particular article paper, it is summarized about the regulations of artificial intelligence along with algorithmic systems. The author argued that there are requirement of tools that can program, maintain in addition to debug the algorithmic social contract. In order to achieve the tools, human-in-the-loop (HITL) is used for modeling as well as simulation with interactive machine learning. The author proposed society-in-the-loop (SITL) to combine with HITL control paradigm with the mechanism to negotiate the values of different stakeholders affected by the AI systems. Into human-in-the-loop system, the human operators are crucial component for the automated control process that can handle the supervision tasks, exception control along with optimization as well as maintenance. Rahwan (2017) stated that HITL thinking are applied to the human robot interaction. The issues in this article are that HITL is not used to improve accuracy of AI system and speed up the convergence of r einforcement of the learning robot. It is recommended to use of SITL algorithm in order to serve well defined function with broad functions of the societal implications. This particular AI algorithm controls various self-driving cars and setting of filtering algorithms which influence the political beliefs. This algorithm also mediates allocation of the resources; therefore a qualitative shift is done from HITL society into SITL. Rahwan (2017) discussed on the comparison of two loops such as optimization of the AI system into narrow impacts, SITL which embeds values of society into algorithmic control of the societal results that can expansive the social implications. The scientists of artificial intelligence proposed to use crowd sourcing in order to identify the societal tradeoffs into programmable ways. Tim OReilly coined algorithmic regulations for describing the data driven governance. The regulations satisfied the properties such as they understand of the outcomes, measuring to determine achievement of outcomes a nd algorithms are understand based on new data. Reflection on two articles: From two of the articles, I have identified that ethical issues are addressed. I have analyzed that the issues are related to unparalleled scale based on which the computational algorithms are being used and complexity level of the mutual connections. Those are linked with the autonomous behavior. There are issues regarding data processing from huge resources. I have observed that the author has provided some suggestions to address the problem such as code of ethics are developed i.e. promotion of ethical behavior among the employees so that it provides guidelines towards ethical behavior into the workplace. The advantage of this suggestion is that it helps employees to understand the ethical regulations but disadvantage is that there are no such strict ethical rules are mentioned into the papers. A suggestion is addressed to central concerns into relationship of humans and emerging of the information driven technologies (Anderson, Anderson and Berenz 2016). Early development of AI/A S rise to complex ethical problems. Into the second article, I have analyzed that among HITL and SITL, HITL suggested putting human expert into the AI systems loop so as to solve the problem of ethical regulations. I have analyzed some new class of algorithms such as oversight algorithms those can monitor furthermore audit the operational AI programs. This program is aligned about uselessness of source code inspection for means of ethical regulations. In order to implement the suggestions, I have concluded that there are requirement to identify what types of ethical behaviors are people expected from the artificial intelligence. Therefore, the policy makers can articulate people expectations to the machines. In order to close SITL loop, new metrics are needed to evaluate behavior of AI against quantifiable human values (Burton et al. 2017). In my point of view, the managers should be designated as role model to promote ethical behavior and it is beneficial as employees would guide force for promotion of ethical behavior. The managers should be strict to the ethical standards so that the employees should follow the ethical guidelines. I have mentioned that ethical training program are required to train employees about the ethical behavior when design of artificial intelligence and algorithmic systems. After completion of the training program, they are rewarded for their positive behavior. It helps to continue towards ethical practi ces. Into two of the articles, there are many aspects which are mentioned but some of the ethical aspects are not addressed such as aspects based on concept of sustainability like creation of motivation, moral commitment of people along with sensibility. Virtue and context are ethically required to navigate of sustainability. In my point of view, detection of fraud, conducting of research, the artificial intelligence systems are used to transform the lives of people towards better future. In order to do so, the researcher observed that there are various ethical considerations into AI/AS. Those issues provide effect on the work of IT professional, IT developer; therefore it is required to cope up with the issues quickly. It affects the human behavior and interaction, and in short term it influences the humanity. AI is becoming better to provide human conservation as well as human relationships. The humans are limited to the kindness that they expend on other person; the artificial bots are channeling the unlimited resources into building of relationships. Human dominance is caused due to ingenuity as well as artificial intelligence. I have seen that artificial intelligence is a vast potential and there are responsible implementation of it into the organization. The ethical issues are related to future crea tion of the machines and the issues are raised into current automation system. Social network contracts are effective to help employees work together across the generations. References Anderson, M., Anderson, S.L. and Berenz, V., 2016, February. Ensuring Ethical Behavior from Autonomous Systems. InAAAI Workshop: Artificial Intelligence Applied to Assistive Technologies and Smart Environments. Burton, E., Goldsmith, J., Koenig, S., Kuipers, B., Mattei, N. and Walsh, T., 2017. Ethical considerations in artificial intelligence courses.arXiv preprint arXiv:1701.07769. IEEE Standards Association, 2016. Ethically Aligned Design: A Vision For Prioritizing Wellbeing With Artificial Intelligence And Autonomous Systems, Version 1. Rahwan, I., 2017. Society-in-the-loop: programming the algorithmic social contract.Ethics and Information Technology, pp.1-10.